Control Functions - ECMA-48: Additional Control Functions for Character-Imaging I/O Devices

7. CONTROL FUNCTIONS

7.1. Categories of Control Functions

The following list groups the control functions defined in this Standard. This grouping is intended solely to aid in understanding the Standard and does not restrict the control functions to the indicated categories.

This list also indicates the form of the control function by the following notations following the abbreviation:

Notation	Meaning
No sign	the control function is an element of the C1 set.
(n)	control sequence with one numeric parameter.
(n;m)	control sequence with two numeric parameters.
(s)	control sequence with selective parameter.
(Fs)	ESC Fs sequence.

7.1.1. Control string delimiters

APC APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND
OSC OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND
PM PRIVACY MESSAGE
ST STRING TERMINATOR
DCS DEVICE CONTROL STRING

7.1.2. Introducers

CSI CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER

7.1.3. Shift functions

SS2 SINGLE SHIFT 2
SS3 SINGLE SHIFT 3

7.1.4. Format effectors

HPA (n) HORIZONTAL POSITION ABSOLUTE
HPR (n) HORIZONTAL POSITION RELATIVE
HT J HORIZONTAL TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION
HTS HORIZONTAL TABULATION SET
HVP (n;m) HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITION
IND INDEX
NEL NEXT LINE
PLD PARTIAL LINE DOWN
PLU PARTIAL LINE UP
RI REVERSE INDEX
SGR (s) SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION
TBC (s) TABULATION CLEAR
VPA (n) VERTICAL POSITION ABSOLUTE
VPR (n) VERTICAL POSITION RELATIVE
VTS VERTICAL TABULATION SET

7.1.5. Additional format effectors for text composition devices

FNT (n;m) FONT SELECTION
GSM (n;m) GRAPHIC SIZE MODIFICATION
GSS (n) GRAPHIC SIZE SELECTION
JFY (s) JUSTIFY
QUAD (s) QUAD
SPI (n;m) SPACING INCREMENT
SSU (s) SELECT SIZE UNIT
TSS (n) THIN SPACE SPECIFICATION

7.1.6. Editor functions for altering the visual display

DCH (n) DELETE CHARACTER
DL (n) DELETE LINE
EA (s) ERASE IN AREA
ECH (n) ERASE CHARACTER
ED (s) ERASE IN DISPLAY
EF (s) ERASE IN FIELD
BL (s) ERASE IN LINE
ICH (n) INSERT CHARACTER
IL (n) INSERT LINE

7.1.7. Editor functions for moving the active position

CBT (n) CURSOR BACKWARD TABULATION
CHA (n) CURSOR HORIZONTAL ABSOLUTE
CHT (n) CURSOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION
CNL (n) CURSOR NEXT LINE
CPL (n) CURSOR PRECEDING LINE
CTC (s) CURSOR TABULATION CONTROL
CUB (n) CURSOR BACKWARD
CUD (n) CURSOR DOWN
CUF (n) CURSOR FORWARD
CUP (n;m) CURSOR POSITION
CUU (n) CURSOR UP
CVT (n) CURSOR VERTICAL TABULATION
NP (n) NEXT PAGE
PP (n) PRECEDING PAGE
SD (n) SCROLL DOWN
SL (n) SCROLL LEFT
SR (n) SCROLL RIGHT
SU (n) SCROLL UP

7.1.8. Form filling

DAQ (s) DEFINE AREA QUALIFICATION
EPA END OF PROTECTED AREA
ESA END OF SELECTED AREA
SPA START OF PROTECTED AREA
SSA START OF SELECTED AREA

7.1.9. Mode setting

RM (s) RESET MODE
SM (s) SET MODE

7.1.10. Miscellaneous control functions

CCH CANCEL CHARACTER
CPR (n;m) CURSOR POSITION REPORT
DA (n) DEVICE ATTRIBUTES
DMI (Fs) DISABLE MANUAL INPUT
DSR (s) DEVICE STATUS REPORT
EMI (Fs) ENABLE MANUAL INPUT
INT (Fs) INTERRUPT
MC (s) MEDIA COPY
MW MESSAGE WAITING
PU1 PRIVATE USE ONE
PU2 PRIVATE USE TWO
REP (n) REPEAT
RIS (Fs) RESET TO INITIAL STATE
SEE (s) SELECT EDITING EXTENT
STS SET TRANSMIT STATE

7.2. Definition of Control Functions

The symbol n used hereafter denotes the value of a numeric parameter. If there are two numeric parameters, n denotes the value of the first parameter and the symbol m that of the second parameter. In the absence of a numeric or selective parameter, the default value applies. Unassigned selective parameter values are reserved for future standardization.

7.2.1. APC - APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND

Representation: Table 1

APC is the opening delimiter of a command string for an application program. The command string consists of a sequence of bit combinations of columns 2 to 7 (except 7/15) and is closed by STRING TERMINATOR (ST) as a terminating delimiter. The interpretation of the command string depends on the relevant application program. This control function may need to be represented by a graphic symbol.

7.2.2. CBT - CURSOR BACKWARD TABULATION

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the character position corresponding to the n-th preceding horizontal tabulation stop.

7.2.3. CCH - CANCEL CHARACTER

Representation: Table 1

CCH indicates that the preceding graphic or control function of the data stream, represented by a single bit combination, an escape sequence, a single shift sequence or a control sequence, but not by a control string, is to be ignored.

7.2.4. CHA - CURSOR HORIZONTAL ABSOLUTE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default Value: 1

The active position is moved to the n-th character position of the active line.

7.2.5. CHT - CURSOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the character position corresponding to the n-th following horizontal tabulation stop.

7.2.6. CNL - CURSOR NEXT LINE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the first character position of the n-th following line.

7.2.7. CPL - CURSOR PRECEDING LINE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter: default value: 1

The active position is moved to the first character position of the n-th preceding line.

7.2.8. CPR - CURSOR POSITION REPORT

Representation: Table 2 - two numeric parameters; default values: 1;1

CPR reports the active position of the sending device as residing on the n-th line at the m-th character position.

CPR may be solicited by a DSR or unsolicited.

7.2.9. CSI - CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER

Representation: Table 1

CSI is the first character of a control sequence (see 4.3).

7.2.10. CTC - CURSOR TABULATION CONTROL

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

CTC causes one or more tabulation stops to be set or cleared, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	set a horizontal tabulation stop at the active position
1	set a vertical tabulation stop at the active line
2	clear the horizontal tabulation stop at the active position
3	clear the vertical tabulation stop at the active line
4	clear all horizontal tabulation stops at the active line
5	clear all horizontal tabulation stops
6	clear all vertical tabulation stops

In case of parameter values 0,2 or 4, when horizontal tabulation stops are set or cleared, the number of lines affected depends on the setting of the TABULATION STOP MODE.

7.2.11. CUB - CURSOR BACKWARD

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the n-th preceding character position.

7.2.12. CUD - CURSOR DOWN

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the corresponding character position of the n-th following line.

7.2.13. CUF - CURSOR FORWARD

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the n-th following character position.

7.2.14. CUP - CURSOR POSITION

Representation: Table 2 - two numeric parameters; default values: 1;1

The active position is moved to the n-th line at the m-th character position. (The default values define the so-called home position.)

7.2.15. CUU - CURSOR UP

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the corresponding character position of the n-th preceding line.

7.2.16. CVT - CURSOR VERTICAL TABULATION

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The active position is moved to the corresponding character position of the line corresponding to the n-th following vertical tabulation stop.

7.2.17. DA - DEVICE ATTRIBUTES

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 0

With a parameter value not equal to 0, DA identifies the sending device. The parameter value is a device type identification code according to some register which is to be established. If the parameter value is 0, DA is used to solicit an identifying DA from the receiving device.

7.2.18. DAQ - DEFINE AREA QUALIFICATION

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

DAQ indicates that the active position is the first character position of a qualified area. The end of the qualified area is indicated by the beginning of the following qualified area.

The parameter value designates the type of qualified area:

value	meaning
0	unprotected
1	guarded (implies protected)
2	graphic character input
3	numeric input
4	alphabetic input
5	input to be justified to the right
6	fill with ZEROs
7	set horizontal tabulation stop at start of area
8	protected (unguarded)
9	fill with SPACEs

This control function operates independently of the setting of the TABULATION STOP MODE; the horizontal tabulation stop set by parameter value 7 applies to the active line only.

7.2.19. DCH - DELETE CHARACTER

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The contents of the active position and the n-1 preceding or following character positions are removed, depending on the setting of the HORIZONTAL EDITING MODE. The contents of an adjacent string of character positions are shifted towards the active position. At the other end of the shifted string n character positions are erased.

The position and the extent of the string affected by the deletion depend on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE and of the HORIZONTAL EDITING MODE, and on the extent established by SELECT EDITING EXTENT (SEE).

The effect of this control on the start or end of a selected area, start or end of a qualified area, or a tabulation stop in the shifted string is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.20. DCS - DEVICE CONTROL STRING

Representation: Table 1

DCS is the opening delimiter of a device control string. The device control string consists of a sequence of bit combinations of columns 2 to 7 (except 7/15) and is closed by the terminating delimiter STRING TERMINATOR (ST).

The device control string represents either one or more control commands for the receiving device, or one or more status reports from the sending device. The interpretation of the device control string depends on the sending and/or the receiving device. This control function may need to be representated by a graphic symbol.

7.2.21. DL - DELETE LINE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The contents of the active line and the n-1 preceding or following lines are removed, depending on the setting of the VERTICAL EDITING MODE. The contents of a number of preceding or following lines are shifted towards the active line. At the other end of the shifted part n lines are erased. The extent of the data affected by the deletion depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE.

Any occurrences of the start or end of a selected area, the start or end of a qualified area, or a tabulation stop in the shifted part are also shifted.

If the TABULATION STOP MODE is set to SINGLE, horizontal tabulation stops in the erased lines are cleared.

The effect of DL on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.22. DMI - DISABLE MANUAL INPUT

Representation: Table 4

A control function which causes all or part of the manual input facilities of the receiving device to be disabled.

NOTE 6: This control function does not apply to those parts of the manual input facilities which are disabled by the setting of the KEYBOARD ACTION MODE.

7.2.23. DSR - DEVICE STATUS REPORT

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

DSR either reports the status of the sending device or requests a status report from the receiving device, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	ready, no malfunction detected
1	busy, another DSR must be requested later
2	busy, another DSR will be sent later
3	some malfunction detected, another DSR must be requested later
4	some malfunction detected, another DSR will be sent later
5	a DSR is requested
6	a report of the active position in the form of a CPR is requested.

DSR with parameter value 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 may be sent either unsolicited or as a response to a request such as a DSR with a parameter value 5 or MESSAGE WAITING (MW).

7.2.24. EA - ERASE IN AREA

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

Some or all character positions of the active qualified area, i.e. the qualified area in which the active position resides, are erased, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	the active position and the character positions up to the end of the qualified area are erased
1	the character positions from the beginning of the qualified area up to and including the active position are erased
2	all character positions of the qualified area are erased.

The extent of the string affected by the erasure depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE. Whether protected areas are erased, or unprotected areas only, depends on the setting of the ERASURE MODE.

7.2.25. ECH - ERASE CHARACTER

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value; 1

The active position and the n-1 following character positions are erased. The extent of the string affected by the erasure depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE,

Whether protected areas are erased, or unprotected areas only, depends on the setting of the ERASURE MODE.

7.2.26. ED - ERASE IN DISPLAY

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

Some or all character positions of the active page, i.e. the page in which the active position resides, are erased, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	the active position and the character positions up to the end of the page are erased
1	the character positions from the beginning of the page up to and including the active position are erased
2	all character positions of the page are erased.

The extent of the string affected by the erasure depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE.

Whether protected areas are erased, or unprotected areas only, depends on the setting of the ERASURE MODE.

7.2.27. EF - ERASE IN FIELD

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter, default value: 0

Some or all character positions of the active field, i.e. the field in which the active position resides, are erased, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	the active position and the character positions up to the end of the field are erased
1	the character positions from the beginning of the field up to and including the active positions are erased
2	all character positions of the field are erased.

The extent of the string affected by the erasure depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE.

Whether protected areas are erased, or unprotected areas only, depends on the setting of the ERASURE MODE.

7.2.28. EL - ERASE IN LINE

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

Some or all character positions of the active line are erased, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	the active position and the character positions up to the end of the line are erased
1	the character positions from the beginning of the line up to and including the active positions are erased
2	all character positions of the line are erased.

The extent of the string affected by the erasure depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE.

Whether protected areas are erased, or unprotected areas only, depends on the setting of the ERASURE MODE.

7.2.29. EMI - ENABLE MANUAL INPUT

Representation: Table 4

EMI enables the manual input facilities of the receiving device to be used.

NOTE 7: This control function does not apply to those parts of the manual input facilities which are disabled by the setting of the KEYBOARD ACTION MODE.

7.2.30. EPA - END OF PROTECTED AREA

Representation: Table 1

EPA indicates that the active position is the end of a string of character positions, the contents of which are protected against manual alteration and are guarded against transmission. The beginning of this string is indicated by START OF PROTECTED AREA (SPA).

7.2.31. ESA - END OF SELECTED AREA

Representation: Table 1

ESA indicates that the active position is the end of a string of character positions, the contents of which are eligible to be transmitted in the form of a data stream or transferred to an auxiliary input/output device. The beginning of this string is indicated by START OF SELECTED AREA (SSA).

7.2.32. FNT - FONT SELECTION

Representation: Table 3 - two numeric parameters; default values: 0;0.

FNT is a format effector which designates the character font invoked as primary or alternative font by SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION (SGR). n specifies the primary or alternative font concerned:

value	meaning
0	primary font
1	first alternative font
2	second alternative font
..
9	ninth alternative font

m identifies the character font to be designated according to some register which is to be established.

7.2.33. GSM - GRAPHIC SIZE MODIFICATION

Representation: Table 3 - two numeric parameters; default values: 100;100

GSM is a format effector which causes the height and/or the width of all designated primary and alternative fonts, as established by GRAPHIC SIZE SELECTION (GSS), to be modified, until the following occurrence of either GSM or GSS in the data stream.

n specifies the percentage by which the height is to be multiplied.

m specifies the percentage by which the width is to be multiplied.

GSM affects only those characters which follow it in the data stream, not those previously received.

7.2.34. GSS - GRAPHIC SIZE SELECTION

Representation: Table 3 - one numeric parameter; no default value.

GSS is a format effector which causes the height and the width of all designated primary and alternative fonts to be established, until the following occurrence of GSS in the data stream. Where n specifies the height; the width is implicitly defined by the height. The unit in which n is expressed is that established by SELECT SIZE UNIT (SSU). GSS affects only those characters which follow it in the data stream, not those previously received.

7.2.35. HPA - HORIZONTAL POSITION ABSOLUTE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

HPA is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the n-th horizontal position of the active line.

The unit in which n is expressed depends on the setting of the POSITIONING UNIT MODE.

7.2.36. HPR - HORIZONTAL POSITION RELATIVE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

HPR is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the n-th following horizontal position.

The unit in which n is expressed depends on the setting of the POSITIONING UNIT MODE.

7.2.37. HTJ - HORIZONTAL TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION

Representation: Table 1

HTJ is a format effector which causes the contents of the string of character positions between the preceding horizontal tabulation stop and the active position to be shifted forward to the following horizontal tabulation stop.

The active position is also moved to the following horizontal tabulation stop. The character positions between the preceding horizontal tabulation stop and the beginning of the shifted string are erased.

7.2.38. HTS - HORIZONTAL TABULATION SET

Representation: Table 1

HTS is a format effector which causes a horizontal tabulation stop to be set at the active position.

The number of lines affected depends on the setting of the TABULATION STOP MODE.

7.2.39. HVP - HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL POSITION

Representation: Table 2 - two numeric parameters; default values: 1;1

HVP is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the n-th vertical position at the m-th horizontal position. The unit in which n and m are expressed depends on the setting of the POSITIONING UNIT MODE.

7.2.40. ICH - INSERT CHARACTER

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

n erased character positions are inserted at the active position. The previous contents of the active position and an adjacent string of character positions are shifted away from the active position. The contents of n character positions at the other end of the shifted string are removed.

The position and the extent of the string affected by the insertion depend on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE and of the HORIZONTAL EDITING MODE, and on the extent established by SELECT EDITING EXTENT (SEE). The effect of this control function on the start or end of a selected area, the start or end of a qualified area, or a tabulation stop in the shifted string is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.41. IL - INSERT LINE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

n erased lines are inserted at the active line. The previous contents of the active line and a number of preceding or following lines are shifted away from the active line, depending on the setting of the VERTICAL EDITING MODE. The extent of the part affected by the insertion depends on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE. The contents of n lines at the end of the shifted part are removed.

Any occurrences of the start or end of a selected area, the start or end of.a qualified area, or a tabulation stop in the shifted part are also shifted.

If the TABULATION STOP MODE is set to SINGLE, horizontal tabulation stops in the erased lines are cleared.

The effect of this control function on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.42. IND - INDEX

Representation: Table 1

IND is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the corresponding character position of the following line.

7.2.43. INT - INTERRUPT

Representation: Table 4

INT indicates to the receiving device that the current process is to be interrupted and an agreed procedure is to be initiated. This control function is applicable to either direction of transmission.

7.2.44. JFY - JUSTIFY

Representation: Table 3 - selective parameter, default value: 0

JFY is a format effector which indicates the beginning of a string of character positions, the contents of which are to be justified according to the layout specified by the parameter value (see Annex C)

value	meaning
0	end of justification
1	word fill
2	interword space
3	letter space
4	hyphenation
5	flush to left margin
6	centre between margins
7	flush to right margin
8	Italian hyphenation

JFY affects only those characters which follow it in the data stream, not those previously received. The end of the string to be justified is indicated by the next occurrence of JFY in the data stream.

7.2.45. MC - MEDIA COPY

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

MC controls the transfer of data from or to an auxiliary input/output device. It either indicates a transfer of data from or to an auxiliary input/output device or enables or disables the received data stream to be relayed to an auxiliary input/output device depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	initiate transfer to primary auxiliary device
1	initiate transfer from primary auxiliary device
2	initiate transfer to secondary auxiliary device
3	initiate transfer from secondary auxiliary device
4	stop relay to primary auxiliary device
5	start relay to primary auxiliary device
6	stop relay to secondary auxiliary device
7	start relay to secondary auxiliary device

This control function is not intended to switch on and off an auxiliary device.

7.2.46. MW - MESSAGE WAITING

Representation: Table 1

MW causes a message waiting indicator to be set in the receiving device. An appropriate acknowledgement to the receipt of MW may be given by DEVICE STATUS REPORT (DSR).

7.2.47. NEL - NEXT LINE

Representation: Table 1

NEL is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the first character position of the following line.

7.2.48. NP - NEXT PAGE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The n-th following page of a multiple-page buffer is displayed. The effect of this control function on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.49. OSC - OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND

Representation: Table 1

OSC is the opening delimiter of a command string for an operating system. The command string consists of a sequence of bit combinations of column 2 to 7 (except 7/15) and is closed by the terminating delimiter STRING TERMINATOR (ST). The interpretation of the command string depends on the relevant operating system.

This control function may need to be represented by a graphic symbol.

7.2.50. PLD - PARTIAL LINE DOWN

Representation: Table 1

PLD is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the corresponding character position of an imaginary line with a partial vertical offset. This offset should be sufficient either to image following characters as subscripts until the first following occurrence of PARTIAL LINE UP (PLU) in the data stream, or, if the immediately preceding character is imaged as a superscript to restore subsequent imaging of characters to the active line.

Any interactions between PLD and vertical format effectors other than PLU are not defined by this Standard.

7.2.51. PLU - PARTIAL LINE UP

Representation: Table 1

PLU is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the corresponding character position of an imaginary line with a partial vertical offset. This offset should be sufficient either to image following characters as superscripts until the first following occurrence of PARTIAL LINE DOWN (PLD) in the data stream, or, if the immediately preceding character is imaged as a subscript, to restore subsequent imaging of characters to the active Line.

Any interactions between PLU and vertical format effectors other than PLD are not defined by this Standard.

7.2.52. PM - PRIVACY MESSAGE

Representation: Table 1

PM is the opening delimiter of a privacy message. The privacy message consists of a sequence of bit combinations of columns 2 to 7 (except 7/15) and is closed by the terminating delimiter STRING TERMINATOR (ST). The interpretation of the privacy message depends on the relevant privacy discipline.

This control function may need to be represented by a graphic symbol.

7.2.53. PP - PRECEDING PAGE

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The n-th preceding page of a multiple-page buffer is displayed.

The effect of this control function on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.54. PU1 - PRIVATE USE 1

Representation: Table 1

PU1 is reserved for a function without standardized meaning for private use as required, subject to the prior agreement of the sender and the recipient of the data.

7.2.55. PU2 - PRIVATE USE 2

Representation: Table 1

PU2 is reserved for a function without standardized meaning for private use as required, subject to the prior agreement of the sender and the recipient of the data.

7.2.56. QUAD - QUAD

Representation: Table 3 - selective parameter; default value: 0

QUAD is a format effector which indicates the end of a string of character positions in the data stream, the contents of which are to be positioned on a single line according to the layout specified by the parameter value (see Annex C):

value	meaning
0	flush to left margin
1	flush to left margin and fill with leader
2	centre between margins
3	centre between margins and fill with leader
4	flush to right margin
5	flush to right margin and fill with leader

The beginning of the string to be positioned is indicated by the preceding occurrence of either QUAD or one of the following vertical format effectors: FF, HVP, IND, LF, NEL, RI, VPA, VPR or VT in the data stream.

7.2.57. REP - REPEAT

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The preceding graphic or the effect of the preceding control function in the data stream (if this control function is represented by a single bit combination, an escape sequence, a single shift sequence or a control sequence, but not by a control string) is repeated n times.

7.2.58. RI - REVERSE INDEX

Representation: Table 1

RI is a format effector which causes the active position to be moved to the corresponding character position of the preceding line.

7.2.59. RIS - RESET TO INITIAL STATE

Representation: Table 4

RIS resets a device to its initial state, i.e. the state it has after it is switched on. This may imply, if applicable: remove tabulation stops, remove qualified areas, reset graphic rendition, erase all positions, move active position to first character position of first line.

7.2.60. RM - RESET MODE

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter, no default value

RM. resets the modes of the receiving device specified by the parameter value (see SET MODE, SM).

7.2.61. SD - SCROLL DOWN

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter, default value: 1

The displayed portion of a multiple-page buffer is moved by n lines such that the displayed data appear to move down.

The effect of this control function on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.62. SEE - SELECT EDITING EXTENT

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

SEE establishes the editing extent for character insertion or deletion, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	The affected string consists of the entire buffer, or the displayed portion, depending on the setting of the EDITING BOUNDARY MODE
1	The affected string consists of the active line
2	The affected string consists of the data between the preceding and the following horizontal tabulation stop
3	The affected string consists of the qualified area containing the active position

7.2.63. SGR - SELECT GRAPHIC RENDITION

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; default value: 0

SGR is a format effector which indicates the beginning of a string of character positions in the data stream, the contents of which are to be rendered in a discernable, uniformly different way. The end of this string is indicated by the following occurrence of SGR in the data stream. The graphic rendition is specified by a parameter value:

value	meaning
0	default rendition (implementation-defined)
1	bold or increased intensity
2	faint, decreased intensity or second color
3	italics
4	underlined
5	slowly blinking (less than 150 per minute)
6	rapidly blinking (150 per minute or more)
7	negative image
8	concealed data
9	(reserved for future standardization)
10	primary font
11	first alternative font
..
19	ninth alternative font
20	fraktur
21 to 29	(reserved for future standardization)
30	black display
31	red display
32	green display
33	yellow display
34	blue display
35	magenta display
36	cyan display
37	white display
38	(reserved for future standardization)
39	(reserved for future standardization)
40	black background
41	red background
42	green background
43	yellow background
44	blue background
45	magenta background
46	cyan background
47	white background

7.2.64. SL - SCROLL LEFT

Representation: Table 3 - one numeric parameter; default value: 1

The displayed portion of a multiple-page buffer is moved by n character positions such that the displayed data appear to move to the left.

The effect of this control on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.65. SM - SET MODE

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter; no default value

SM sets the modes of the receiving device specified by the parameter value:

value	meaning
1	GUARDED AREA TRANSFER MODE
2	KEYBOARD ACTION MODE
3	CONTROL REPRESENTATION MODE
4	INSERTION - REPLACEMENT MODE
5	STATUS REPORT TRANSFER MODE
6	ERASURE MODE
7	VERTICAL EDITING MODE
8	(reserved for future standardization)
9	(reserved for future standardization)
10	HORIZONTAL EDITING MODE
11	POSITIONING UNIT MODE
12	SEND/RECEIVE MODE
13	FORMAT EFFECTOR ACTION MODE
14	FORMAT EFFECTOR TRANSFER MODE
15	MULTIPLE AREA TRANSFER MODE
16	TRANSFER TERMINATION MODE
17	SELECTED AREA TRANSFER MODE
18	TABULATION STOP MODE
19	EDITING BOUNDARY MODE

7.2.66. SPA - START OF PROTECTED AREA

Representation: Table 1

SPA indicates that the active position is the first of a string of character positions, the contents of which are protected against manual alteration and are guarded against transmission. The end of this string is indicated by END OF PROTECTED AREA (EPA).

7.2.67. SPI - SPACING INCREMENT

Representation: Table 3 - two numeric parameters; no default values

SPI is a format effector which causes the interline spacing and the width of a horizontal space to be established, for characters following in the data stream, until the next occurrence of SPI in the data stream.

n specifies the interline spacing; m specifies the width of a fixed horizontal space.

The unit in which n and m are expressed is that established by SELECT SIZE UNIT (SSU).

7.2.68. SR - SCROLL RIGHT

Representation: Table 3 - one numeric parameter; default Value: 1

The displayed portion of a multiple-page buffer is moved by n character positions such that the displayed data appear to move to the right.

The effect of this control function on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.69. SS2 - SINGLE SHIFT 2

Representation: Table 1

SS2 alters the meaning of the single bit combination following it. That bit combination must be one of those from columns 2 to 7 except 2/0 and 7/15 (however, see 9). The meaning of the bit combination concerned is derived from an appropriately designated G2 graphic set.

7.2.70. SS3 - SINGLE SHIFT 3

Representation: Table 1

SS3 alters the meaning of the single bit combination following it. That bit combination must be one of those from columns 2 to 7 except 2/0 and 7/15 (however, see 9). The meaning of the bit combination concerned is derived from an appropriately designated G3 graphic set.

7.2.71. SSA - START OF SELECTED AREA

Representation: Table 1

SSA indicates that the active position is the first of a string of character positions, the contents of which are eligible to be transmitted in the form of a data stream or transferred to an auxiliary input/output device. The end of this string is indicated by END OF SELECTED AREA (ESA). The string of characters actually transmitted or transferred depends on the setting of the GUARDED AREA TRANSFER MODE and on any guarded areas established by START OF PROTECTED AREA (SPA) or DEFINE AREA QUALIFICATION (DAQ). (See 6.3).

7.2.72. SSU - SELECT SIZE UNIT

Representation: Table 3 - selective parameter; no default value

SSU is a format effector which establishes the unit in which the numeric parameters of the positioning format effectors are expressed when the POSITIONING UNIT MODE is set to SIZE. SSU also establishes the unit for GSS, SPI and TSS. The unit established remains effective until the occurrence of another SSU in the data stream. The parameter values are:

value	meaning
1	INTERNATIONAL TYPOGRAPHIC STANDARD - (This unit is not yet standardized)
2	DECIPOINT - 0,0353 mm (1/720 inch)
3	DIDOT - 0,0376 mm
4	MIL - 0,0254 mm (1/1000 inch)
5	METRIC - 0,01 mm

7.2.73. ST - STRING TERMINATOR

Representation: Table 1

ST is the closing delimiter of a string opened by APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND (APC), DEVICE CONTROL STRING (DCS), OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND (OSC), or PRIVACY MESSAGE (PM).

This control function may need to be represented by a graphic symbol.

7.2.74. STS - SET TRANSMIT STATE

Representation: Table 1

STS causes the transmit state to be established in the receiving device. In this state the transmission of data from the device is possible.

The actual initiation of transmission of data is performed by a data communication or input/output interface control procedure which is outside the scope of this Standard.

The transmit state is established either by the operation of an appropriate button on a keyboard or by SET TRANSMIT STATE (STS) appearing in the received data stream.

7.2.75. SU - SCROLL UP

Representation: Table 2 - one numeric parameter, default value: 1

The displayed portion of a multiple-page buffer is moved by n lines such that the displayed data appear to move up.

The effect of this control function on the active position is not defined by this Standard.

7.2.76. TBC - TABULATION CLEAR

Representation: Table 2 - selective parameter, default value: 0

TBC is a format effector which causes one or more tabulation stops to be cleared, depending on the parameter value:

value	meaning
0	clear the horizontal tabulation stop at the active position
1	clear the vertical tabulation stop at the active line
2	clear all horizontal tabulation stops at the active line
3	clear all horizontal tabulation stops
4	clear all vertical tabulation stops

In the case of parameter values 0 or 2, when horizontal tabulation stops are cleared, the number of lines affected depends on the setting of the TABULATION STOP MODE.

7.2.77. TSS - THIN SPACE SPECIFICATION

Representation: Table 3 - one numeric parameter; no default value

TSS is a format effector which establishes the width of thin spaces following in the data stream, until the next occurrence of TSS (see Annex C).

n specifies the width in units as established by SELECT SIZE UNIT (SSU).